After a morning of heavy fighting near Muammar al-Qaddafi’s compound in Tripoli, the Libyan rebels’ top diplomat in London said that only 5 percent of the capital city was still controlled by forces loyal to the Libyan leader, though Qaddafi’s whereabouts remained unknown.
Qaddafi’s regime, meanwhile, was crumbling. Libya’s prime minister has fled to Tunisia, Al Jazeera reported, while two of Qaddafi’s sons were in rebel custody. Leaders around the world urged Qaddafi to give up.
Assistant Secretary of State Jeffrey Feltman said it’s “only a matter of time” before the besieged ruler is history.
“The rebels are taking over the city. They are clearly taking over the institutions,” Feltman said in an interview on ABC’s “Good Morning America.” He also said U.S. officials have been told the rebels have seized control of state television.
NATO promised to continue airstrikes until all pro-Qaddafi forces surrender or return to barracks.
The relative ease with which the rebels captured Tripoli in an hours-long blitz backed by NATO airstrikes showcased the evolution of the opposition fighters who first rose against the regime six months ago, swiftly capturing the eastern part of the vast North African nation but failing to muster enough punch to advance westward toward Tripoli even with the help of months of NATO airstrikes.
For months, the rebels were judged to be big on zeal, but short on organization and discipline. Their stunning success in Tripoli, however, showed a high level of planning, coordination and discipline.
In London, British Prime Minister David Cameron said frozen Libyan assets would soon be released to help the country’s rebels establish order, saying Qaddafi’s regime was “falling apart and in full retreat.”
Rebel spokesman Mohammed Abdel-Rahman, who was in Tripoli, cautioned that pockets of resistance remained and that as long as Qaddafi remains on the run the “danger is still there.”
Clashes broke out early Monday at Qaddafi’s longtime command center known as Bab al-Aziziya early Monday when government tanks emerged from the complex and opened fire at rebels trying to get in, according to Abdel-Rahman and a neighbor. An AP reporter at the nearby Rixos Hotel, where foreign journalists stay, could hear gunfire and loud explosions from the direction of the complex.
Tripoli resident Moammar al-Warfali, whose family home is next to the compound, said there appeared to be only a few tanks belonging to the remaining Qaddafi forces that have not fled or surrendered.
“When I climb the stairs and look at it from the roof, I see nothing at Bab al-Aziziya,” he said. “NATO has demolished it all and nothing remains.”
The Rixos also remained under the control of Qaddafi forces, with two trucks loaded with anti-aircraft machine guns and pro-regime fighters and snipers posted behind trees. Rebels and Tripoli residents set up checkpoints elsewhere in the city.
The rebels’ top diplomat in London, Mahmud Nacua, said clashes were continuing in Tripoli, but opposition forces controlled 95 percent of the city. He vowed Qaddafi would be found, saying “the fighters will turn over every stone to find him” and make sure he faced justice.
A rebel field commander said reinforcements were arriving at Tripoli by sea from the north as well as the south and the southeast.
“Our fighters are coming from all directions and, God willing, today we will liberate the whole city,” the commander, Suleiman Sifaw, told The Associated Press.
State TV broadcast bitter audio pleas by Qaddafi for Libyans to defend his regime as the rebels advanced on Sunday. Opposition fighters captured his son and one-time heir apparent, Seif al-Islam, who along with his father faces charges of crimes against humanity at the International Criminal Court in the Netherlands. Another son was under house arrest.
Rebel chief Mustafa Abdel-Jalil vowed Monday to give Qaddafi a “fair trial with all legal guarantees” when captured.
“It’s over, frizz-head,” chanted hundreds of jubilant men and women massed in Green Square late Sunday, using a mocking nickname of the curly-haired Qaddafi. The revelers fired shots in the air, clapped and waved the rebels’ tricolor flag. Some set fire to the green flag of Qaddafi’s regime and shot holes in a poster with the leader’s image.
But Qaddafi’s defiance in a series of angry audio messages raised the possibility of a last-ditch fight over the capital, home to 2 million people. Qaddafi, who was not shown in the messages, called on his supporters to march in the streets of the capital and “purify it” of “the rats.”
Government spokesman Moussa Ibrahim also claimed the regime has “thousands and thousands of fighters” and vowed: “We will fight. We have whole cities on our sides. They are coming en masse to protect Tripoli to join the fight.”
Qaddafi’s former right-hand man, who defected last week to Italy, said the longtime leader would not go easily.
“I think it’s impossible that he’ll surrender,” Abdel-Salam Jalloud said in an interview broadcast on Italian RAI state radio, adding that, “He doesn’t have the courage, like Hitler, to kill himself.”
Jalloud, who was Qaddafi’s closest aide for decades before falling out with the leader in the 1990s, fled Tripoli on Friday, according to rebels.
The startling rebel breakthrough, after a long deadlock in Libya’s 6-month-old civil war, was the culmination of a closely coordinated plan by rebels, NATO and anti-Qaddafi residents inside Tripoli, rebel leaders said. Rebel fighters from the west swept over 20 miles (30 kilometers) in a matter of hours Sunday, taking town after town and overwhelming a major military base as residents poured out to cheer them. At the same time, Tripoli residents secretly armed by rebels rose up.
When rebels reached the gates of Tripoli, the special battalion entrusted by Qaddafi with guarding the capital promptly surrendered. The reason: Its commander, whose brother had been executed by Qaddafi years ago, was secretly loyal to the rebellion, a senior rebel official, Fathi al-Baja, told The Associated Press.
On Monday, rebels erected checkpoints on the western approaches to the city, handing out candy to passengers and inquiring about their destination. Cars leaving the city were subjected to more rigorous checks.
President Obama said Libya is “slipping from the grasp of a tyrant” and urged Qaddafi to relinquish power to prevent more bloodshed.
“The future of Libya is now in the hands of the Libyan people,” Obama said in a statement from Martha’s Vineyard, where he’s vacationing. He promised to work closely with rebels.
South Africa, which led failed African Union efforts to mediate between the rebels and Qaddafi, refused to offer support to the rebels on Monday, saying it wants to see a unity government put in place as a transitional authority. But speaking to reporters, Foreign Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane said she did not envision a role for Qaddafi on such a transitional body, saying he had told AU mediators four months ago he was ready to give up leadership.
Nkoana-Mashabane also said repeatedly that South Africa has sent no planes to Libya to evacuate Qaddafi, has received no request from him for asylum and is involved in no efforts to extricate him.
Nkoana-Mashabane also said, “We don’t know his (Qaddafi’s) whereabouts. We assume he is still in Libya.”
The uprising against Qaddafi broke out in mid-February, inspired by successful revolts in Egypt and Tunisia, Libya’s neighbors to the east and west respectively. A brutal regime crackdown quickly transformed the protests into an armed rebellion. Rebels seized Libya’s east, setting up an internationally recognized transitional government there, and two pockets in the west, the port city of Misrata and the Nafusa mountain range.
Qaddafi clung to the remaining territory, and for months neither side had been able to break the other.
In early August, however, rebels launched an offensive from the Nafusa Mountains, then fought their way down to the Mediterranean coastal plain, backed by NATO airstrikes, and captured the strategic city of Zawiya.
The rebels’ leadership council, based in Benghazi, sent out mobile text messages to Tripoli residents, proclaiming, “Long live Free Libya” and urging them to protect public property. Internet service returned to the capital for the first time in six months.
Qaddafi is the Arab world’s longest-ruling, most erratic, most grimly fascinating leader — presiding over this North African desert nation with vast oil reserves and just 6 million people.
For years, he was an international pariah blamed for the 1988 bombing of a Pan Am jumbo jet over Lockerbie, Scotland, that killed 270 people. After years of denial, Qaddafi’s Libya acknowledged responsibility, agreed to pay up to $10 million to relatives of each victim, and the Libyan rule declared he would dismantle his weapons of mass destruction program. That eased him back into the international community.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.
